social welfare advice and health among young people: a scoping review

Social determinants of mental and physical health that influence young peoples' trajectories into adulthood are often remediable through law. To address inequalities, including those exacerbated since the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need to better understand young people's need for and uptake of advice for social welfare legal problems. This scoping review aimed to review available evidence and identify gaps to inform further research. To identify studies relevant to social welfare legal advice among young adults we conducted searches of eight bibliographic databases (compiled between January 1998 and June 2020), hand searches of included article reference lists and targeted grey literature searches. 35 peer reviewed and grey literature studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria including evaluations of interventions to promote access to advice, general population surveys, observational studies, and audits of charity data or targeted surveys. Evidence suggests considerable and inequitable need for social welfare legal advice among young adults with adverse consequences for health and wellbeing. Needs among higher risk groups are likely underestimated. Evidence for interventions to enhance access/uptake of advice is limited and methodologically weak. We identify several gaps in the literature to inform research and to enable systematic reviews around more specific questions to inform practice.

Accounting and Analytical Management of Sustainable Business Development and ESG Management in Russia and East Asia

The current global economic environment demonstrates a high dynamic of global challenges, including the COVID-19 pandemic and a comprehensive recession, the consequences of which can be severe. This has raised interest in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in terms of three aspects: whether it is possible to achieve the SDGs after the 2020 recession, the main ways out of the recession based on achieving the SDGs, and the prospects for adapting the SDGs and ESG management to the current global realities. The Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China have substantial backlogs and significant interest in achieving the SDGs. The present study examines the methodological aspects of including indicators in the SDGs in terms of traditional and new indicators. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

The digital divide: An ongoing state of emergency in adult literacy programs

COVID-19 and closures of in-person interactions with support programs, education providers, government services, and consumer offerings have raised concerns that vulnerable populations may not be able to mitigate the effects of the digital divide. Our chapter discusses the digital divide with a focus on programs for adult learners who have not completed high school. These include literacy, high school completion, and vocational programs. We look specifically at Ontario as a case sample that shares similarities with programs across Canada. These programs are operated by community-based non-profits, school boards, and community colleges. They are usually marginalized within the broader education system and have not been considered as part of comprehensive supports and initiatives when schools and post-secondary institutions were closed. The digital inequalities learners experience have parallels in the very programs they attend to mitigate their own digital learning divide. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. All rights reserved.

Dementia and COVID-19

While both dementia and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have differing etiology, there is a complex interplay between the two, especially when looking into their effects on certain sub-populations. Hispanic Americans face a higher burden of dementia and COVID-19 due to both modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors, age-related chronic diseases, and environmental factors. The major unmodifiable risk factors include increasing age and predisposing genetics, while the major modifiable risk factors include income/socioeconomic status, educational attainment, exercise, diet, and smoking/tobacco use. Furthermore, specific age-related chronic diseases such as diabetes, kidney disease, hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease, and chronic lung diseases place Hispanic Americans at high risk for dementia and COVID-19. Lastly, Hispanic Americans face the additional disadvantage of environmental factors, such as social inequalities and lack of access to adequate healthcare resources. Given that Hispanic Americans are the largest racial/ethnic minority group within the United States, this chapter will focus upon the research associated with dementia and COVID-19 within the Hispanic American population of the United States. Furthermore, this chapter will explore the four major risk factor categories (unmodifiable risk factors, modifiable risk factors, age-related chronic diseases, and environmental factors), which contribute to the development of dementia and COVID-19 within the Hispanic American population of the United States. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Food Insecurity and COVID-19 Diagnosis: Findings from a National United States Sample

This study explores the association between experiencing food insecurity and COVID-19 diagnosis in the United States, and what sociodemographic characteristics moderate this relationship. We analyzed a national sample of adults in the United States (n = 6,475). Multiple logistic regression results revealed respondents experiencing food insecurity had an approximately 3.0 times significantly higher odds of a positive COVID-19 diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] = 2.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.38-6.32, p < 0.01), which remained significant after adjusting for sociodemographics and COVID-19 mitigation behaviors (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.09-6.18, p < 0.05). Age group had a significant moderating effect (OR = 42.55, 95% CI = 3.13-579.15, p < 0.01). Results indicate experiencing food insecurity is associated with contracting COVID-19.Copyright © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Experiences of the Migrant Farmworkers during the Syndemic Due to COVID-19 in Spain

The present article addresses the COVID-19 syndemic, that is, the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with other diseases that interact and are determined by patterns of social inequality. The living and working conditions of migrant farmworkers increases the transmission of COVID-19. Descriptions of the experiences of migrant farmworkers provided by the professionals from different organizations that tend to them allowed the authors to discover the syndical nature of COVID-19. This study is based on qualitative descriptive research. Seventeen workers from different organizations participated in the study, through in-depth interviews between January and June 2022. A thematic analysis was performed to analyze the qualitative data. Two main themes emerged: Non-compliance with the collective labor agreement, and non-compliance with workplace health and safety standards. The results suggest that the adverse living and working conditions of the migrant farmworkers increased their risk of COVID-19 infection, due to the lack of compliance with the health measures decreed. The vulnerability experienced by migrant farmworkers increased work conflicts and prompted their mobilization to fight for their rights. © 2023 by the authors.

Desdobramentos das desigualdades raciais na pandemia da Covid-19

O presente estudo tematiza o racismo na sociedade de classes e tem como objetivo analisar os desdobramentos das desigualdades raciais na pandemia da Covid-19. Logo, utilizou-se o método materialismo histórico-dialético e uma abordagem qualitativa. Dessa forma, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, além de um trabalho de mapeamento a partir dos dados secundários do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) de 2019;Atlas da violência de 2020, elaborado pelo Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA);e o Boletim especial 20 de novembro de 2021, do Departamento Intersindical de Estatística e Estudos Socioeconômicos (DIEESE), para dialogar com a realidade dos afro-brasileiros em cenário pandêmico. Dos resultados do estudo, destacamos: que o racismo tem sido um eixo estruturante da sociedade brasileira mesmo numa fase pós-abolicionista;e que a questão racial tem sido uma das expressões da questão social na sociedade do capital, de tal modo que as desigualdades são conexas na contemporaneidade;e ainda, que a pandemia acentuou as desigualdades raciais no Brasil.Alternate :The present study thematizes racism in class society and aims to analyze the consequences of racial inequalities in the covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, the Historical-Dialectical Materialism method and a qualitative approach were used. In this way, a bibliographic and documentary research was carried out, in addition to a mapping work based on secondary data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) of 2019, Atlas of Violence of 2020 made by the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA) and the Special Bulletin 20 November 2021 of the Inter-union Department of Statistics and Socioeconomic Studies (DIEESE) to dialogue with the reality of Afro-Brazilians in a pandemic scenario. From the results of the study, we highlight that racism has been a structuring axis of Brazilian society even in a post-abolitionist phase;that the Racial Question has been one of the expressions of the Social Question in the society of Capital, in such a way that inequalities are connected in contemporaneity;and, that the pandemic accentuated racial inequalities in Brazil.

Tracking the Transit Divide: A Multilevel Modelling Approach of Urban Inequalities and Train Ridership Disparities in Chicago

Using a multilevel modelling approach, this study investigates the impact of urban inequalities on changes to rail ridership across Chicago's "L” stations during the pandemic, the mass vaccination rollout, and the full reopening of the city. Initially believed to have an equal impact, COVID-19 disproportionally impacted the ability of lower socioeconomic status (SES) neighbourhoods' to adhere to non-pharmaceutical interventions: working-from-home and social distancing. We find that "L” stations in predominately Black or African American and Hispanic or Latino neighbourhoods with high industrial land-use recorded the smallest behavioural change. The maintenance of higher public transport use at these stations is likely to have exacerbated existing health inequalities, worsening disparities in users' risk of exposure, infection rates, and mortality rates. This study also finds that the vaccination rollout and city reopening did not significantly increase the number of users at stations in higher vaccinated, higher private vehicle ownership neighbourhoods, even after a year into the pandemic. A better understanding of the spatial and socioeconomic determinants of changes in ridership behaviour is crucial for policymakers in adjusting service routes and frequencies that will sustain reliant neighbourhoods' access to essential services, and to encourage trips at stations which are the most impacted to revert the trend of declining public transport use.

Critical Commentary: The city and the virus

Cities around the world are the epicentres of the coronavirus pandemic: both in the first wave, as the disease spread from East Asia, and now, as many countries enter a third wave of infections. These spatial patterns are still far from properly understood, though there is no shortage of possible explanations. I set out the emerging theories about cities' role in the spread of coronavirus, testing these against existing studies and new analysis for English conurbations, cities and towns. Both reveal an urbanised public health crisis, in which vulnerabilities and health impacts track (a) urban structural inequalities, and (b) wider weaknesses in institutions, their capabilities and leaders. I then turn to 'post-pandemic' visions of future cities. I argue that this framing is unhelpful: even with mass vaccination, COVID-19 is likely to remain one of many globalised endemic diseases. Instead, 'pandemic-resilient' urban places will require improved economic, social and physical infrastructure, alongside better public policy. Describing such future cities is still highly speculative: I identify five zones of change. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] 世界各地的城市都是冠状病毒大流行的中心：无论是在第一波疫情从东亚开始传播时，还是现在许多国家进入第三波感染。尽管不乏可能的解释，但这些空间模式仍远未得到正确理解。我阐述了关于城市在冠状病毒传播中的作用的一些新理论，并根据现有研究和针对英国大都市和城镇的新分析对这些理论进行了检验。两者都揭示了城市化的公共卫生危机，其中脆弱性和健康影响与以下因素相伴随：(a) 城市结构性不平等；以及 (b) 机构、其能力和领导者的更广泛弱点。接着，我转向未来城市的后疫情时代愿景。我认为这种框架是无益的：即使进行了大规模疫苗接种，新冠肺炎仍然可能会是许多全球化的地方病之一。相反，具有"抗流行病能力"的城市场所将需要经过改良的经济、社会和物质基础设施，以及更好的公共政策。对这样的未来城市的描述仍然具有高度的推测性：我确定了五个变革区域。 (Chinese) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Urban Studies (Sage Publications, Ltd.) is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Through the prism of the right to housing: first notes for a critical constitutional analysis

The essay investigates the constitutional dimension of the right to housing, through the study of its foundation in the Constitution and the constitutional jurisprudence. The perspective adopted is broad and approaches the fundamental right from different angles: general recognition, relationships between property and social function, house rents and blocking of evictions in the Covid-19 era, State-Region competences in the management of policies for the right to housing, access to public housing. The thesis put forward is that it is necessary to adopt an institutionalist theory of fundamental rights to guarantee the effectiveness of the right to housing, which involves a contextualized reading of the constitutional system and is not limited to the individualistic dimension of the right. In fact, this approach involves, on one hand, the political-legal need to regulate urban conflict and, on the other hand, the constitutional need for the intervention of public powers in economy, in order to rebalance the socio-economic disparities that arise and are perpetuated in the urban dimension. © 2023, Societa Editoriale Federalismi s.r.l.. All rights reserved.

Traditional capoeira street circles in Florianópolis (Southern Brazil): impacts of the covid-19 pandemic

Capoeira is a cultural manifestation of Afro-Brazilian origin, born during the slavery period in Brazil. Its practice developed historically on the street, on the margins of Brazilian society, giving new meaning to spaces almost always understood only as places of passage or transition. Capoeira has manifested itself in traditional capoeira street circles in Florianópolis (Southern Brazil) for over 30 years, representing possibilities of playful and leisure moments for practitioners, resistant to established historical inequalities. With the covid-19 pandemic and indications for social distancing, the configurations of social life needed to be reinvented. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the impacts of the covid-19 pandemic on traditional capoeira street circles in Florianópolis. This is a descriptive, exploratory field research with a qualitative approach to the data. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants, whose contents were organised in NVivo-12 software and analysed using content analysis, considering the framework of leisure studies and Southern Epistemologies. This study confirmed the impossibility of carrying out the circles in person, resulting in difficulties faced by participants, with different reverberations in their lives. The research highlights the importance of turning to the manifestations and social actors made invisible throughout history, doubly disadvantaged during the current scenario. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Leisure Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

The Vulnerability of European Roma to the Socioeconomic Crisis Triggered by the COVID-19 Pandemic

The Roma are the most significant ethnic minority in the EU, subject to severe discrimination, social exclusion, and poverty. Due to their deplorable living conditions, isolation, and widespread antigypsyism, Roma are among the most affected by the socioeconomic crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. This article aims to assess the impact of this crisis on the Roma population from a multidimensional perspective. A thematic review of recent studies and reports on the pandemic's effects on the Roma ethnic minority in Europe was carried out. In this work, the COVID-19 pandemic has been identified as a new global factor that influences the pre-existing exclusion dynamics and Roma mobility within Europe. Results show that these precarious living conditions have deteriorated to alarming levels in most European countries, leading to increased food insecurity and new forms of discrimination and stigmatization. The Roma ethnic minority has been disproportionately affected by mobility restrictions imposed by COVID-19. In all European nations, racist and xenophobic attitudes toward the Roma ethnic minority have increased during the socioeconomic and health crisis. The pandemic has intensified a process of ethnicization, fostering anti-Roma sentiment among the general population. © 2023 by the authors.

Faith, Hope, and Love in the Time of COVID: A Journal of Bible and Theology

This essay is a reflection on COVID-19 in the United States, specifically in the state of Alabama, and among marginalized populations with whom I work. Past generations have demonstrated living in faith, hope, and love in the midst of and despite great suffering and turmoil. This essay includes my thoughts about how faith manifests itself individually and corporately and raises ongoing questions about how believers may promote radical change and confront societal inequities—especially in light of COVID-19.

Housing inequalities and resilience: the lived experience of COVID-19

COVID-19 policy responses have intensified the use of housing as a spatial and material defence against community spread of infection. In so doing, they have focussed attention upon pre-existing inequalities and the effects of socio-economic management of COVID-19. This paper draws upon individual households' accounts to explore these effects on housing inequalities, and then adapts a critical resilience framework from disaster response in order to examine the implications for policymaking. The empirical work centres upon a case study of lived experiences of COVID-19-constrained conditions, based on a longitudinal-style study combining semi-structured interviews with 40 households, photographs and household tours at two datapoints (before/during COVID-19) in Victoria, Australia. The study reveals how these households were impacted across four domains: (1) employment, finances, services, and mobilities;(2) homemaking including comfort and energy bills, food and provisioning, and home-schooling/working from home;(3) relationships, care and privacy, and;(4) social, physical and mental health. The interviews also indicate how households coped and experienced relief payments and other related support policies during COVID-19. Drawing upon literature on disaster response, we highlight the centrality of vulnerability and resilience in recognising household exposure and sensitivity to COVID-19, and capabilities in coping. From this analysis, gaps in COVID-19 housing and welfare policy are exposed and guide a discussion for future housing policy interventions and pandemic planning.

Declaration of Cuernavaca

The National Public Health Institutes (NPHI), members of the Latin American Regional Network of the International Association of National Institutes of Public Health, met face to face at the headquarters of the National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, in the City of Cuernavaca, from October 5 to 7, 2022, with the participation of the directors or their representatives of the NPHIs of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Mexico, Peru and Suriname and representatives of the South American Sub regional Program (SAM), and the Central American Sub regional Program (CAM) of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the Organization of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty (OTCA), the Andean Health Agency/Hipolito Unanue Agreement (ORAS/CONHU) and the Central American Integration System (SICA/COMISCA), analyzing the role of the NPHI in combating health inequities;in confronting the global climate and environmental crisis;combating hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition;successes and challenges in responding to the Covid-19 pandemic;strengthening and continuous improvement of integrated disease surveillance and preparedness for health emergencies;as well as the various existing regional and sub-regional health cooperation programs, noticing that: 1. In the current scenario, the dominating development model is a generator of growing social inequalities, which determine serious inequities in the health conditions of our peoples. 2. Likewise, the current model of production and consumption, adopted at the global level, has increased hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition that possibly constitute nowadays the main health problem in our region. 3. The environmental crisis, which is also a product of the current global development model, has a significant impact on human and animal health and the interaction between both. 4. The NPHIs have played a role of major relevance in confronting the Covid-19 pandemic, not fully applying, however, their full potential for research and for proposing national plans for the disease control. 5. Health surveillance systems, in most of our countries, suffer from significant fragmentation between various sectors and within the health sector itself, implying, in any case, reactive actions that do not allow for anticipating the emergence of new pathologies or health emergencies. 6. The various regional and sub regional cooperation agencies and programs offer an enormous capacity for synergies and mutual cooperation.

Reimagining Prosperity: Social and Economic Development in Post-COVID India

This book explores the second-order effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on social and economic development in India. The chapters in this volume provide theoretical perspectives and empirical insights from a range of disciplines including history, economics, water management, food and nutrition security, agriculture, rural management, public health, urbanization, gender studies and development of the marginalized. It discusses the pressing questions that have been raised by the disruption caused by the pandemic and proposes insights and interventions to build a more just, sustainable and united post-COVID India. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.

The ‘bright' side of innovation management for international new ventures

All businesses are finding it difficult to figure out how to enhance the environment and society. Following the co-generation of social, ethical, and corporate aims, new sustainable inventions have evolved since the COVID-19 pandemic event, similar to new solutions into a workable, viable, and ethical business. The positive and negative aspects of inventions are a topic of discussion among innovation management academics. In particular, how innovation may be more sustainable even when job inequities caused by automation have sparked a feeling of the importance of upholding human rights. Despite that, the innovation management literature is still far from being pedantic in studying automation and human rights towards sustainable innovations in the context of international new ventures (INVs). The article challenges a pessimistic view of innovations by examining automation and human rights for 3000 INVs through the perspective of the micro-foundations. Multiple linear regression analysis is used to evaluate hypotheses, demonstrating how social entrepreneurship can play a constructive mediating role in upholding human rights and promoting automation. This demonstrates the necessity for additional research on a business's individual level to create social breakthroughs. The study encourages policymakers and the government to support sustainable innovations by utilizing technology to boost job quality, uphold human rights, and foster global entrepreneurship.

Masculinity and COVID-19: Symposium introduction

This article presents an introduction to the Symposium on Masculinity and COVID-19. In this symposium, the authors focus on how gender inequalities in particular have structured social life during this global pandemic. At all levels, gender is a central part of the story of COVID-19-from how people experience the disease to how national decisions have been shaped by cultures of manhood. And from the rate of disease, and how men respond to public health calls, to what homelife looks like for people during shutdown, and nationalistic political responses, masculinity has been a unique liability to the human population during this time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Special Issue: Recent learnings and development in healthcare financing: A global perspective. (Special Issue: Recent learnings and development in healthcare financing: A global perspective.)

This special issue contains 11 s that discuss recent learnings and developments in healthcare financing from a global perspective. The s cover a range of topics such as the impact of mental illness on poverty and catastrophic health expenditure in India, financing challenges in the American healthcare industry, comparative analysis of health system financing in India and Saudi Arabia, and the contribution of the Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme to inequality in healthcare utilisation. Other s explore the influence of socio-economic status on health financing choices in Jambi Province, households' willingness to pay for community-based health insurance in Bangladesh, and changes in household expenditures during the first wave of COVID-19 in India. The issue also includes discussions on managing the provider-purchaser split in India and reconsidering patient value to create better healthcare.